HPA axis responses to acute stress and adrenalectomy during adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat.

Adjuvant-induced arthritis results in chronic activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In the Piebald-Viral-Glaxo (PVG) rat, however, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pPVN) of the hypothalamus was reduced, and the normal corticosterone and CRF mRNA responses to acute stress were inhibited. The proenkephalin A mRNA response to stress in the pPVN was maintained, implying a specific inhibition of the CRF mRNA responses in this pathological situation. Adrenalectomy at day 0 (the time of adjuvant injection), day 13 (just before inflammation), or day 19 (submaximal inflammation) resulted in a marked increase in CRF mRNA compared with day 21 adrenal-intact arthritic animals. However, levels were below those of nonarthritic adrenalectomized rats, demonstrating that the inhibition of CRF mRNA associated with arthritis is not simply due to changes in glucocorticoid feedback. Proopiomelanocortin mRNA in the anterior pituitary was markedly increased in all adrenalectomized arthritic animals above the increase seen in sham-adrenalectomized day-21 arthritic rats. Adrenalectomy was always associated with an increase in the severity of the disease.