Anesthetic techniques for thoracoscopy.

With the advent of laparoscopic techniques for application in the chest, as well as the development of new video equipment and instrumentation technology, the cardiothoracic surgeon can now perform procedures that, until very recently, were performed only by thoracotomy. Modern thoracoscopy has not reached its final resolution, but a growing number of procedures have been performed that permit some initial recommendations to be made and that define areas of research for the anesthesiologist. A review of the physiology of the lateral decubitus position will act as a basis for developing rational decisions concerning the conduction of anesthesia for thoracoscopy. Future research and experience in thoracoscopy will help to further define appropriate anesthetic techniques.