The role of the active site amino acid residues on the catalytic activity of Cu2Zn2SOD.

Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase, the enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide ion, is a key enzyme for neurodegenerative processes caused by the formation into tissues of this reactive free radical. Although the structure of enzyme is known, the catalytic mechanism has not yet fully elucidated. The copper ion represents the center, which exchanges electrons with the superoxide ion, but other residues present in the active site seem to play a relevant role. The most recent advancements in clarifying the structure-function relationship in this enzyme are discussed.