The evolution of otosclerosis surgery.

This article reviews the development of surgical methods over the centuries to improve hearing loss due to otosclerosis. Pioneers in the development of surgical techniques for otosclerosis discussed in this article include Holmgren, Lempert, Rosen, and Shea. Also discussed are the personal experiences of the author, witness to many of this century's technologic developments and founder of the House Ear Institute in Los Angeles, California.