O M Campbell1, R H Gray. 1. Department of Population Dynamics, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to characterize the influence of breast-feeding on the postpartum return of ovarian activity for the purpose of assessing the relevance of the lactational amenorrhea method of contraception for women in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-two non-breast-feeding and 60 breast-feeding women from Baltimore collected daily urine specimens that were assayed to determine ovulation and luteal phase adequacy. Vaginal bleeding was ascertained weekly, and breast-feeding women recorded infant feeding daily. Proportion-hazards models were used to relate measures of breast-feeding to the occurrence of ovulation. RESULTS: Two thirds of women ovulated before their first vaginal bleeding, but 47% of those cycles had decreased luteal-phase pregnanediol excretion. Breast-feeding frequency and suckling duration were significant predictors of the risk of ovulation (p < 0.001). Supplementation with bottle feeding was associated with a reduction in breast-feeding. CONCLUSION: A high degree of protection from pregnancy can be achieved using breast-feeding frequency and suckling duration, even with supplemented breast-feeding.
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to characterize the influence of breast-feeding on the postpartum return of ovarian activity for the purpose of assessing the relevance of the lactational amenorrhea method of contraception for women in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-two non-breast-feeding and 60 breast-feeding women from Baltimore collected daily urine specimens that were assayed to determine ovulation and luteal phase adequacy. Vaginal bleeding was ascertained weekly, and breast-feeding women recorded infant feeding daily. Proportion-hazards models were used to relate measures of breast-feeding to the occurrence of ovulation. RESULTS: Two thirds of women ovulated before their first vaginal bleeding, but 47% of those cycles had decreased luteal-phase pregnanediol excretion. Breast-feeding frequency and suckling duration were significant predictors of the risk of ovulation (p < 0.001). Supplementation with bottle feeding was associated with a reduction in breast-feeding. CONCLUSION: A high degree of protection from pregnancy can be achieved using breast-feeding frequency and suckling duration, even with supplemented breast-feeding.
Entities:
Keywords:
Americas; Behavior; Biology; Blacks--women; Bottle Feeding; Breast Feeding; Case Control Studies; Cultural Background; Currently Married--women; Demographic Analysis; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Ethnic Groups; Family And Household; Family Characteristics; Family Relationships; Health; Infant Nutrition; Lactation; Life Table Method; Marital Status; Maryland; Maternal Physiology; Mothers; North America; Northern America; Nuptiality; Nutrition; Ovulation--determinants; Parents; Perception; Physiology; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Postpartum Amenorrhea; Postpartum Women; Prospective Studies; Psychological Factors; Puerperium; Reproduction; Research Methodology; Research Report; Studies; Time Factors; United States; Unmarried Mothers--women; Whites--women
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