Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hypoalphalipoproteinemia). An approach to management.

Clinical management of dyslipidemias has focused primarily on the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) fraction; however, lipid disorders accompanied by low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (hypoalphalipoproteinemia) are common, particularly among subjects with the diagnosis of coronary artery disease prior to age 55 years. The therapeutic objectives for high-risk subjects with dyslipidemias is directed initially toward reduction of the LDL-C fraction; thereafter, aggressive efforts aimed at raising the HDL-C fraction may be warranted. Strategies for raising the HDL-C fraction start with hygienic measures that include aerobic exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation, withdrawal of agents secondarily lowering HDL-C, and estrogen replacement. Pharmacotherapy selected according to the dyslipidemia that accompanies the HDL-C disorder is indicated for subjects who manifest premature coronary artery disease or who have a familial history of coronary artery disease and hypoalphalipoproteinemia.