The effect of pressure on the electrical breakdown in the membranes of Valonia utricularis.

The interpretation of electrical breakdown in terms of electro-mechanical instabilities, predicts that the breakdown potential should decrease with increasing cell turgor pressure. Experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis on cells of Valonia utricularis over a turgor pressure range of 0.5-10(5)-5.0-10(5) N/m2. Electrical breakdown was measured using intracellular electrodes and 500 mus current pulses. The pressure was monitored by an intracellular micropipette pressure transducer. The results obtained show a linear decrease in the critical breakdown potential with pressure. The effective compressive modulus of the cell membrane, gamma, is calculated from the slope of this line to 69+/-10-10(5) N/m2 (average value of seven measurements). This is consistent with the theoretical prediction of the electromechanical model using our previously determined values of the elastic modulus of the membrane. A theoretical analysis is given of the effects of pressure on the breakdown, This includes also considerations of the indirect effect of pressure on the membrane via stretching of the cell wall with a possible coupling of such strains to the cell membrane. The results and analysis presented allow us to conclude on the basis of the experimentally determined breakdown P.K. of 959 mV that the region of membrane where electrical breakdown occurs is a dielectric with one of the following combinations of parameters: (A) a thickness delta=7-9 nm with a dielectric constant epsilon=greater than 10, e.g. a hydrated protein spanning the whole membrane. (B) delta=4-5 nm with epsilon=3-8, e.g. a lipoprotein of lipid bilayer dimensions. (C) delta approximately 2 nm with epsilon=2-3, e.g. a half lipid bilayer. If we assume that the breakdown P.D. of the tonoplast and plasmalemma are identical, that is 480 mV, then there is only one reasonable choice for the membrane thickness and the dielectric constant: delta=2 nm, epsilon=3-8, e.g. a (lipo) proteinaceous module facing a half life lipid bilayer.