Canine systemic lupus erythematosus: new insights and their implications.

It is generally considered that the clinical manifestations of human and canine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are similar in many respects. However, there are differences in serological markers of SLE between the two species, which has led to much discussion on which immunopathological criteria might be appropriate in the diagnosis of the canine disorder. Further studies on canine SLE will need to address these issues, so that definitive diagnostic indices may be employed. Areas which require to be re-assessed, in particular, include the applicability of assays for antibodies to double-stranded DNA--a hallmark of human SLE, a re-evaluation of the anaemia associated with canine SLE and an index of the clinical activity of the disease process.