Differential effects of dunce mutations on associative learning and memory in Drosophila.

Initial learning, 30- and 180-min memory retention after Pavlovian conditioning of an odor avoidance response was quantified in dnc1, dnc2, dncM11 and Canton-S (wild-type) homozygotes and in dnc1/FM7, dnc2/FM7, dncM11/FM7, dncM11/Can-S, Can-S/FM7, dnc1/dncM11 and dnc2/dncM11 heterozygotes. Our results consistently showed that a) the dunce mutations are semi-dominant for initial learning and b) genetic variants carrying the enzymatically hypomorphic dnc2 mutation produce learning scores lower than those of the amorphic dncM11. Analysis of this particular set of retention intervals, using a modified statistical model designed to evaluate decay rates, revealed no discernable effects of the dunce mutations on memory formation 30 to 180 min after training. These results are consistent with a model of memory formation, in which dunce is hypothesized to disrupt acquisition and/or short-term memory.