Treatment programming for alcohol and drug-dependent pregnant women.

National concern regarding the problem of alcohol and drug use during pregnancy has brought to the forefront the lack of treatment programs specifically targeted to pregnant women. Many programs are seeking guidance in establishing services for pregnant women. Research suggests that programs that provide comprehensive, coordinated, and "holistic" treatment are better able to draw pregnant women into care as well as provide more effective treatment. This paper presents an overview of written guidelines and protocols for treating pregnant chemically dependent women, including an elaboration of guiding principles for care. Unresolved policy issues are identified as well as recommendations for future research directions.