Outcome of children with prolonged unconsciousness and vegetative states.

The outcomes of 60 children unconscious for 90 days or longer following acquired brain injury are reported. Eight children who died had remained in persistent vegetative states. As expected, most neurologic improvement occurred within the first year after injury, although some delayed improvements were observed. Outcomes were strongly correlated with causes of brain injury. Better cognitive and motor function was observed with nonanoxic injuries. No child in this report with anoxic brain injury regained functional cognitive or motor skills, although 3 became socially responsive. The remarkable contrast with adults following acquired brain injury is the significantly longer survival of children. The only children who died had remained in persistent vegetative states.