L-arginine administration prevents glomerular hyperfiltration and decreases proteinuria in diabetic rats.

The effect(s) of L-arginine administration on the renal function of rats with untreated diabetes mellitus was examined. Rats received streptozotocin (N = 11) or vehicle (N = 12): Group 1 (normal rats, N = 6) drank tap water; Group 2 (normal rats, N = 6) drank tap water containing 1% L-arginine; Group 3 (diabetic rats, N = 5) drank tap water; and Group 4 (diabetic rats, N = 6) drank tap water with 1% L-arginine. Rats were fed a standard rat chow diet (22.8% protein, 142% L-arginine) with free access to food and water for 14 wk. Diabetic rats gained less weight, had significantly lower plasma levels of albumin and L-arginine, and had greater values for 24-h urine volumes and urine excretion of glucose, protein, urea, creatinine, nitrate, and nitrite than control rats. Diabetic rats given L-arginine (Group 4) had significantly lower protein and cGMP excretion in the urine than did rats of Group 3. The administration of L-arginine did not affect the plasma levels of glucose or L-arginine in Groups 2 or 4 compared with those of their respective controls. Group 3 had significantly higher values for GFR than did the other three groups of rats, but values for effective RPF, mean arterial pressure, hematocrit, and renal vascular resistance were not significantly different between Groups 3 and 4. There was no significant difference in glomerular morphology among the four groups of rats as determined by light microscopy, and both groups of diabetic rats exhibited the Armanni-Ebstein lesion in their tubules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)