Control of intracellular calcium by membrane potential in human melanoma cells.

The modulation of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) by the membrane potential was investigated in human melanoma cells by combining the nystatin-perforated patch-clamp technique with Ca2+ measurements. Voltage steps to -100 mV induced a rise in [Ca2+]i and a creeping inward current. These effects were absent in Ca(2+)-free solution and could be blocked by Ni2+ or La3+. Voltage ramps revealed a close correlation between [Ca2+]i and voltage, with the strongest voltage dependence around the resting potential. Long-lasting tail currents, closely correlated with the rise in [Ca2+]i and a reversal potential close to the K+ equilibrium potential, occurred if the membrane potential was clamped back to 0 mV. They were absent if intracellular K+ was replaced by Cs+ and blocked by extracellular tetraethylammonium (5 mM), Ba2+ (1 mM), or a membrane-permeable adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate analogue. These observations are discussed in relation to cell proliferation. The enhanced expression of K+ channels during cell proliferation provides a positive-feedback mechanism resulting in long-term changes in [Ca2+]i required for the G1-S transition in the cell cycle.