cDNA cloning and characterization of a vitamin D3 hydroxylase-associated protein.

We previously reported the generation of monoclonal antibodies which immunoprecipitate a fraction of the total chick kidney 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-24R-hydroxylase activity. These antibodies were used to screen a chick kidney lambda gt11 cDNA library resulting in the isolation of a full-length cDNA encoding a protein that is not the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-24R-hydroxylase but another protein we term the vitamin D3 hydroxylase-associated protein (VDHAP). The deduced amino acid sequence agreed with an NH2-terminal amino acid sequence from the isolated VDHAP. Gene and protein bank search did not identify homology to known sequences or functional domains in the VDHAP cDNA. VDHAP mRNA levels are not altered by conditions which either induce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-24R-hydroxylase activity (78-fold) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity (30-fold). Northern analysis of poly(A)+ RNA from chick tissues revealed VDHAP only in kidney. Cellular fractionation experiments demonstrated that VDHAP and the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase are colocalized in the inner membrane of mitochondria. The VDHAP antibody immunoprecipitates 14% of the total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-24R-hydroxylase activity (7-fold over background) and immunoprecipitates 21% of the total 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity (2-fold over background). VDHAP is a novel chick kidney-specific inner membrane protein of mitochondria, which associates with a fraction of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-24R-hydroxylase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase.