Functional domains of the insulin receptor responsible for chemotactic signaling.

The insulin receptor mediates a variety of cellular responses to insulin, including glucose transport, endocytosis, and cell proliferation. The role of the insulin receptor in mediating cellular motility has not, however, been extensively investigated. In this report, we demonstrate that chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that normally have low concentrations of insulin receptor display chemotaxis toward insulin after overexpression of the wild type human insulin receptor. Chemotaxis toward insulin proceeded through a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway and required both tyrosine kinase activity and tyrosine autophosphorylation of the regulatory region of the beta-subunit. In contrast, the autophosphorylation sites in the carboxyl terminus of the receptor were not required for chemotactic activity. A mutation in the juxtamembrane region, which disabled tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), also prevented the chemotactic response, suggesting a possible role for IRS-1 in chemotactic signaling. In the absence of insulin receptor, however, the presence of excess transfected IRS-1 was not sufficient to mediate chemotaxis toward insulin. These results demonstrate that the intact insulin receptor can stimulate a chemotactic signaling pathway and that this initial pathway more closely correlates with that for insulin-stimulated cell proliferation than for insulin-stimulated receptor endocytosis.