Falls in the elderly.

Falls in the elderly are a common problem with potentially serious consequences. Elderly persons who fall may incur physical injuries that result in hospitalization or even institutionalization. Fear of falling may cause the elderly to restrict their activities and become socially isolated. A fall is usually the result of a combination of factors involving the patient and the environment. A patient's risk of falls may be assessed on the basis of a complete history, including a drug review and an evaluation of the patient's environment, as well as a thorough physical examination with emphasis on neurologic components and functional performance. Correction or adjustment of even a few of these risk factors may allow the elderly patient to avoid falls.