Bovine herpesvirus-1 vaccines.

Vaccination has been important in controlling a wide variety of viral and bacterial infections of man and animals. Vaccines to herpesvirus infection of cattle are no exception. The present review describes the different types of conventional vaccines that have been used to date and furthermore describes the novel approaches which are presently being implemented to develop more effective vaccines. These include subunit vaccines as well as genetically engineered modified live deletion mutants. Both these novel vaccine approaches appear to be more efficacious than conventional vaccines. Furthermore, these vaccines provide an additional dimension for control and eradication of infection by providing an opportunity to develop companion diagnostic tests to differentiate infected animals from vaccinated animals. This review summarizes these developments as well as present knowledge regarding the important host defence mechanisms required for preventing infection and aiding recovery from infection.