Simulated operations by pulsatile organ-perfusion in minimally invasive surgery.

The rapid amplification of indications and areas of application of laparoscopic or thoracoscopic techniques leads to increasing problems and needs in surgical training. Pulsatile perfusion of organs (POP) and organ groups in laparoscopic training devices (pelvitrainers) aids in creating optimum conditions for the simulation of difficult intraoperative situations and complications. Simple applicability, low cost, and the possibility of a noticeable reduction of the currently required animal experiments render POP an ideal training method for minimally invasive surgery.