Adrenal gland trauma: diagnosis and management.

We describe 14 patients with adrenal injuries from penetrating (ten) or blunt (four) trauma. The severity of their injuries was evidenced by the high incidence of hypovolemic shock (57%), mean Trauma Score (11), mean transfusion requirement (18 Units), number of associated injuries (4.9 per patient), complication rate (57%), and deaths (14%). Twelve patients required surgical exploration; adrenal repair, rather than removal, was possible in seven. Although adrenal insufficiency was suspected in three patients, it was not documented and no patient required corticosteroid replacement.