Distraction of the frontal bone outside the cranial plane: a rabbit model.

Distraction of the frontal bone outside the cranial plane using the Ilizarov principle was performed in 17 22-week-old New Zealand white rabbits. Five rabbits had frontal bone osteotomy only and were in the control group; 5 rabbits were placed in the sham control group and had frontal bone osteotomy plus application of a customized headgear appliance; and 7 rabbits were placed in the experimental group, which underwent frontal bone osteotomy application of the headgear and distraction. The frontal bone was elevated 1 mm every other day for a period of 8 weeks, and the animals were then killed. Cephalometry was performed both preoperatively and at the end of the 8-week period. Histological examination of the skulls was also performed. The experimental group showed a significantly elevated frontal bone compared to the sham control group (p < 0.05). Callous bone filled the distracted segment, which united the frontal bone with the cranial plane. Therefore, frontal bone advancement by distraction osteogenesis is possible using this rabbit model.