High-resolution CT in the assessment of bronchiectasis in children.

To assess the possibilities and limitations of high-resolution CT (HRCT) in the evaluation of bronchiectasis in children, we conducted a prospective study of 20 children with clinical and/or chest film findings suggestive of this diagnosis. The 2-mm collimation, 4.3-s HRCT scans with 10 mm interslice spacing were obtained in areas of suspected bronchiectasis; in nonsuspect areas 25-30 mm interslice spacing was used. No preparation for examination was required. Bronchiectasis was revealed in ten patients (50%), being bilateral in four cases and unilateral in six cases. All types of bronchiectatic patterns were found. Cooperation during the examination was the only difference when compared with an investigation of adults. It was not a serious problem in children aged 7 years and older; scans in 6-year-old children were diagnostic but not ideal. Nondiagnostic scans were obtained in a 3-year-old girl. At the time of the scans only one patient had undergone surgery. Preoperative bronchography confirmed the CT findings. The authors conclude that HRCT can limit the need for bronchography in children with a CT finding of focal bronchiectasis in whom surgery is contemplated. When using longer scanning times it is not possible to obtain good results without sedation of children younger than 6 years.