Identification of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid response elements from the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter.

Transgenic tobacco plants carrying a fusion between the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene (cat) were studied for their inducibility by salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatments. Either chemical significantly increased CAT activity to a level much higher than that achieved by wounding. Northern blot analysis showed a corresponding increase in mRNA levels. After 20 h of induction of flowering plants, the response to MJ treatment was weaker in old leaves compared with young leaves, whereas the SA response was stronger in old leaves. Kinetic experiments showed that the SA response was much faster than the MJ response, suggesting that the induction mechanism of the nos promoter by these chemicals may differ. Deletion analysis showed that both SA and MJ responses require the DNA sequence between -119 and -112 from the transcription initiation site. This region contains the hexamer sequence (TGACGT) that has been found to be an important regulatory element for several promoters. The MJ response was also reduced by deletions of the CAAT box region or the sequence between -112 and -101, whereas the SA response was not significantly affected by these deletions. This suggests that the nos upstream region containing the hexamer motif is essential for the SA or MJ response and that the CAAT box region and the sequence immediately downstream from the hexamer motif are required for maximum induction by MJ.