A new radioimmunoassay for follicle-stimulating hormone in macaques: ovulatory menstrual cycles.

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay system for macaque follicle-stimulating hormone (mFSH) was developed utilizing an antiserum (H-31) prepared in a rabbit against purified ovine FSH as the immunogen. Sera from castrated female, adult male, and juvenile rhesus monkeys, as well as urinary extracts from castrated rhesus and bonnet monkeys, were used to demonstrate parallelism with a standard of partially purified monkey pituitary gonadotropins (LER-M-907-D). An extract of baboon pituitary tissue also showed parallelism with the reference standard. A highly purified pituitary extract (WP-X-105-28), containing approximately 75% macaque luteinizing hormone (mLH) and 1% mFSH, was used to demonstrate the specificity of this mFSH assay system. Sera and urinary extracts obtained from hypophysectomized monkeys did not show cross-reactivity in the assay. Macaque chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) did not produce an inhibition curve in the assay, as determined from serum samples and urinary extracts collected from pregnant monkeys at the time of peak mCG secretion. Serum concentrations of mFSH were suppressed in ovariectomized monkeys by the administration of ethinyl estradiol for 3 days, but returned to near pretreatment values by 96 h after the last estradiol administration. The determination of serum mFSH concentrations in daily blood samples obtained from 20 rhesus monkeys throughout ovulatory menstrual cycles revealed a pattern similar to that previously reported for the rhesus monkey and the woman. The peak value of serum mFSH during the menstrual cycle coincided with the midcycle surge of mLH in each case. The gonadotropin peaks were preceded by increasing serum concentrations of estradiol and followed by rises in the serum concentrations of progesterone. The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle was characterized by continuously decreasing serum concentrations of mFSH, reaching a preovulatory nadir 48 h prior to the midcycle mFSH and mLH surges. Serum mFSH concentrations following the midcycle gonadotropin surges decreased progressively as serum progesterone concentrations increased and reached a plateau, and then increased during the last week of the menstrual cycle as corpus luteum function was waning. We have prepared a large pool of antiserum for distribution under the aegis of the Contraceptive Development Branch of the Center for Population Research, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.