Cancer chemotherapy: identifying novel anticancer drugs.

There are now around 60 cytotoxic drugs licensed for use in cancer therapy in the United Kingdom. For certain malignancies such as childhood cancers, haematological malignancies, and germ cell tumours chemotherapy has been pivotal to the substantial improvement in therapeutic outcome achieved over the past 10 years. In contrast, improvements in the systemic management of adult solid tumours have been less dramatic. There is a clear and urgent need for new, more effective drugs for lung, breast, and colorectal malignancies. This paper examines the processes in identifying, developing, and evaluating new drugs with anticancer activity.