[Epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus and Fanconi's anemia].

We report the case of a 36-year-old female with Fanconi's anemia who developed a squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus which was treated by surgery. In the long term, Fanconi's anemia is associated with a high incidence of acute leukemia, liver tumors or squamous cell carcinomas of various organs. The high chromosome breakage of this disease is assumed to be a predisposing factor for malignant development. This elevated tumor incidence must be appreciated if early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are to be initiated.