Helix pomatia agglutinin binding in human tumour cell lines: correlation with pulmonary metastases in nude mice.

The extent of lectin binding by three human melanoma (LOX, FEMX-1 and SESX) and two sarcoma lines (MHMX and OHSX) was related to their potential for experimental metastasis formation in athymic nude mice. The Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), which recognises the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine ligand, showed differential binding to the cell lines in a manner that correlated with their ability to give lung colonies after i.v. injection in the mice (P < 0.005). The degree of HPA binding and lung colony formation of the cell lines studied was ranked in the following order, LOX > MHMX > OHSX > SESX > FEMX-I. Similar patterns were not observed with the other lectins used in this study (WGA, Con A, PNA and UEA-I). The high HPA reacting LOX melanoma line shows extensive pulmonary metastatic formation with no extrapulmonary colonies, whereas the low HPA reacting FEMX-I cells give only extrapulmonary metastases with no detectable colonies in the lungs. Precoating of tumour cells with HPA prior to injection did not reduce the ability of cells to give pulmonary metastases, suggesting that the HPA epitope was not functionally associated with the pulmonary metastatic potential observed in nude mice. These findings support recent human studies of a correlation between HPA binding and incidence of metastasis, however, our data indicate that there is no causal relationship. Further analyses are required to identify the specific HPA-binding glycoconjugates that may be involved.