Endoscopic antireflux techniques. Endoluminal and laparoscopic.

Overall, endoscopic management of GER is an exciting new field of therapy or potential therapy. Endoluminal methods have developed slowly and remain experimental. Laparoscopic methods have developed rapidly and are being applied in clinical settings. The future looks bright and is open to the endoscopist's creativity. Continued scientific comparisons of techniques are needed to ultimately define optimal techniques and outcomes.