Surgery in Japan.

Prominent progress has been made in the field of surgery in Japan following the examples of Germany and the United States before and after World War II, respectively. At present, surgery in japan seems to have reached almost top levels in the field of research as well as medical care. Although the educational system and medical training in the field of surgery in Japan have followed those methods of western countries, these methods are slightly modified at the present time. In this report, I give an overview of the current status of surgery in Japan, from the viewpoints of the postgraduate educational system, manpower, health care financing, and research development. I also refer to characteristics of surgery in Japan and recent topics.