Fears in Chinese children and adolescents and their relations to anxiety and depression.

In the present study, we examined the pattern and intensity of fear in 825 Chinese children and adolescents. Although many of the fears paralleled those reported in Western samples (Australia, England and the United States), some differences were noted. In particular, Chinese children and adolescents reported heightened levels of social-evaluative fears. This pattern was especially evident for children between 11 and 13 years of age. A developmental-cultural hypothesis was put forth to account for these findings. In addition, modest relations were found between our measure of fear and measures of anxiety and depression. Results were explored in terms of the uniqueness of the constructs of fear, anxiety and depression and their contributions to a more global construct of negative distress, labeled 'negative affectivity'.