Effects of neonatally administered monosodium glutamate on the sexually dimorphic profiles of circulating growth hormone regulating murine hepatic monooxygenases.

Neonatal male and female mice were treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) at either 2.0 or 4.0 mg/g body weight on alternate days during the first 9 days of life. As adults, mice were catheterized to obtain unstressed, serial blood samples for the determination of ultradian profiles of circulating growth hormone. In addition, monooxygenase levels (i.e. steroid hydroxylases and drug-metabolizing enzymes) were measured in hepatic microsomes. Generally, both doses of MSG produced the same developmental defects. Mice neonatally exposed to the amino acid developed a syndrome characterized by retarded growth, obesity and reduced organ weights. While vehicle-treated mice secreted growth hormone in sexually dimorphic patterns defined by pulse frequency (i.e. F > M), hormone concentrations in plasma samples obtained during 8 continuous hr of serial blood collections from both male and female MSG-treated mice were barely detectable at best, and exhibited no pulsatility. Approximately 15% of the measured monooxygenases were male-predominant, 35% were female-predominant and 50% had no sex differences. The enhanced expression of the hepatic monooxygenases in response to MSG-induced depletion of plasma growth hormone indicates that the hormone basically functions as a suppressor of the murine enzyme system.