Sequential therapy with intravenous and oral cephalosporins.

The pharmacokinetic, economic and practical aspects of sequential therapy with iv and oral cephalosporins are reviewed. New broad spectrum oral cephalosporins, such as cefixime, cefpodoxime proxetil and cefetamet pivoxil achieve serum concentrations above the MICs for most Enterobacteriaceae for at least as long as for parenteral cefuroxime. Substantial cost reductions are possible with an early switch from iv to oral cephalosporins. The clinical studies that have been performed so far have important shortcomings. Well designed clinical studies are necessary to prove the feasibility of sequential therapy with cephalosporins for serious infections in hospitalized patients.