Parvalbumin and calbindin in the rat claustrum: an immunocytochemical study combined with retrograde tracing frontoparietal cortex.

The distribution of the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin D-28k was examined in the claustrum of the rat by means of immunohistochemistry. The two proteins displayed a different and largely complementary pattern of distribution. Parvalbumin-immunostaining was intense in the neuropil of the dorsal claustrum and virtually absent in the neuropil of the ventral claustrum; parvalbumin-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were relatively numerous in the dorsal claustrum and were detected only occasionally in the ventral region. On the other hand, calbindin-immunostaining was prevalent in the ventral claustrum; very few calbindin-positive neurons were seen in the dorsal sector of the nucleus, whereas they were relatively more numerous in the ventral claustrum. The cell bodies of the majority of the claustral parvalbumin- or calbindin-immunoreactive neurons were oval or round, but immunostained polymorphous neurons were also observed. The surface of the immunopositive dendritic branches was smooth, with no evidence of spines. Fluorescent retrograde tracing was combined with immunohistofluorescence to determine whether the parvalbumin-containing claustral cells project to the frontoparietal cortex. Neurons labelled after large fluorogold injections in frontoparietal cortical fields were highly intermingled in the dorsal claustrum with parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells but the two neuronal populations were separate. These data show that parvalbumin-immunoreactive claustral neurons do not project to the frontoparietal cortex. In addition, although these cells may project to other cortical or subcortical targets, the present findings suggest that they may represent, at least in part, local circuit claustral neurons, corresponding to the aspiny intrinsic neurons described in the rat claustrum in studies based on Golgi impregnation.