Iodinated contrast agents in neuroradiology.

Intravascular iodinated contrast materials in neuroradiology commonly are used during CT scanning and cerebral arteriography. This article discusses their use and the selection of appropriate contrast media. Adverse contrast media reactions, with emphasis on neurotoxicity, and the use of low osmolar agents are discussed. In addition, this article discusses nephrotoxicity and the use of contrast material in special circumstances, including patients with hyperuricemia, multiple myeloma, sickle cell disease, thyroid disease, pheochromocytomas, and the use of contrast material in pediatric patients.