Antagonistic pleiotropy, mutation accumulation, and human genetic disease.

The antagonistic pleiotropy theory of senescence is the most convincing theoretical explanation of the existence of aging. As yet, no locus or allele has been identified in a wild population with the features predicted by the pleiotropic theory. Human genetic diseases offer the opportunity to identify potentially pleiotropic alleles/loci. Four human genetic diseases--Huntington's disease, idiopathic hemochromatosis, myotonic dystrophy, and Alzheimer's disease--may exhibit pleiotropic effects and further study of these diseases might result in the identification of pleiotropic genes causing aging. Inability to find an early life selective benefit associated with these disease-causing alleles would favor the major alternative genetic explanation for aging, the mutation accumulation theory.