Use of telemetry to record electrocardiogram and heart rate in freely moving mice.

This paper describes for the first time the possibility to record the electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate (HR) with a commercially available telemetry and data acquisition system in freely moving mice. The system comprises a telemetry transmitter implanted in the peritoneal cavity and a receiver, placed underneath the home cage, an A/D converter (MacLab) and a Macintosh LC II 4/80 computer with software (MacLab, Chart/Scope). The raw analog ECG data are digitized within the MacLab and can be converted to HR data additionally. The effects of surgery for implanting the transmitter, handling and anesthesia by either Nembutal or a mixture of Hypnorm, Dormicum, and water, on the changes in ECG and HR were examined. The telemetry system for recording the ECG and HR provides an accurate and reliable method for monitoring the direct effects of handling on HR. By using this telemetry system, we maintain that measurements in freely moving animals are more efficient, reliable, and less labor-intensive than the measurement techniques described in the literature thus far.