Radical retropubic prostatectomy: morbidity and urinary continence in 418 consecutive cases.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morbidity and mortality after standard retropubic radical prostatectomy with special attention to postoperative urinary continence.
METHODS: Four hundred eighteen consecutive patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for treatment of localized prostatic cancer were reviewed. Both clinical and pathologic staging was assessed retrospectively according to the new TNM classification (International Union Against Cancer, 1992). Postoperative urinary continence was assessed according to the criteria of the International Continence Society.
RESULTS: There were no operative deaths. Perioperative mortality was 1.2 percent, with 3 patients dying of myocardial infarction and 2 of pulmonary embolism after uneventful operations. Rectal injury, which was primarily closed, occurred in 2.9 percent. In 1 case (0.2%), reimplantation of the left ureter had to be performed. A total of 20 patients (4.7%) required reoperation: abscess 1.7 percent; postoperative hemorrhage, 1.7 percent; anastomotic urinary leakage, 1.2 percent: massive lymphocele, 0.2 percent. Complications that were treated conservatively occurred in 73 patients (17.4%): lymphocele, 6.4 percent; hemorrhage, 5.7 percent; thromboembolism, 2.6 percent; secondary wound healing, 2.6 percent. Of all patients who were followed for one year or longer, 80 percent achieved complete urinary control or reported occasional spotting only; 15 percent experienced stress incontinence grade II; and 3 percent were totally incontinent.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite extensive surgical experience, our continence rates are far from the optimistic 1-3 percent incontinence rates reported in the literature. In our experience, radical retropubic prostatectomy can be performed with acceptable morbidity and without significantly affecting the quality of life in the majority of patients.