[New aspects of the treatment of left ventricular failure: Nitroglycerin (author's transl)].

The effectiveness of Nitroglycerin and its derivates in angina pectoris is well-known. One of the main effects is the reduction of left ventricular filling pressure. Therefore in patients with left ventricular failure after acute myocardial infarction or with chronic coronary heart disease the indication for Nitroglycerin has to be proved. In 51 patients with 76 measurements Nitroglycerin sublingual, intravenous Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide-Dinitrate and Myocardon were investigated. All substances decreased pulmonary artery pressure especially left ventricular filling pressure. Cardiac output increased or decreased in dependence to the height of left ventricular enddiastolic pressure. In the patients with myocardial infarction and left ventricular failure with filling pressures over 20 mm Hg a significant increase in cardiac output was observed. On the contrary in patients without left ventricular failure cardiac output decreased slightly. Nitroglycerin sublingual is especially useful in the most severe form of left ventricular failure: in pulmonary oedema. 0.8 mg of Nitroglycerin 3 to 4 times in 5 to 10 minutes distance is necessary dependent on the severity of the pulmonary oedema and the height of the blood pressure. The permanent intravenous infusion of Nitroglycerin (3 to 6 mg per hour) is very efficient in the treatment of congestive failure in acute myocardial infarction. The left ventricular filling pressure decreased from 28 to 16 mm Hg with an increase in cardiac output from 3.5 to 4.01/min. The mean arterial pressure dropped about 10 mm Hg. Also with oral derivates of Nitroglycerin (Isosorbide-Dinitrate and Myocardon) an extensive decrease in left ventricular filling pressure and an increase in cardiac output has been observed in patients with left heart failure.