High-dose therapy and autologous transplantation in amyloidosis-AL.

A 53-yr.-old woman with amyloidosis AL was treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell infusion in an attempt to suppress the amyloid secretion. A diagnosis of MGUS had been made six years earlier. During the last year her disease had progressively shifted to a full-blown picture of amyloidosis AL, with renal failure, proteinuria, renal amyloid deposition and plasma cell sheets in the marrow. After an unsuccessful attempt with standard-dose chemotherapy, she received a high-dose regimen of busulphan (14 mg/Kg) and melphalan (40 mg/m2), followed by the infusion of both autologous bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells. She had full and prompt engraftment, but eight weeks post-graft developed interstitial pneumonitis: CMV was isolated. The patient died while in the intensive care unit. In the literature, this is the first case of amyloidosis AL treated with high-dose therapy and autologous transplantation.