OBJECTIVE: The cooperative efforts and educational activities associated with a major histamine2-receptor antagonist (H2RA) formulary change and the clinical and financial results are described. EVALUATION PROCESS: An extensive financial and clinical evaluation was conducted. Sources included primary literature, reference texts, institution-specific financial data, and reports of other hospitals' experiences. INTERVENTIONS: Through cooperative efforts with key members of the medical staff, several interventions were adopted: maintain only one parenteral H2RA on the formulary; develop guidelines for H2RA use and stress ulcer prophylaxis; investigate a target drug-reminder system to promote oral H2RA use. RESULTS: Within a month after implementing the formulary change and educational process, prescribing of parenteral H2RAs changed from 80 percent ranitidine to 99 percent cimetidine. Monitoring of nonformulary ranitidine use revealed only three cases of possible or probable association of adverse central nervous system effects with cimetidine in an eight-month period. Elevations of theophylline, lidocaine, or phenytoin serum concentrations; or prothrombin time above the therapeutic range during warfarin therapy occurred in only 5 of 142 monitored patients who received concomitant therapy with an H2RA. No change in serum theophylline concentrations above the therapeutic range was noted to the hospital before and after the conversion. Savings have been estimated at $250,000 in the first year and $775,000 over four years, mostly from the conversion from intravenous ranitidine to intravenous cimetidine therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Successful intervention can be accomplished by cooperation between the pharmacy and the medical staff to achieve cost savings without sacrificing the quality of care.
OBJECTIVE: The cooperative efforts and educational activities associated with a major histamine2-receptor antagonist (H2RA) formulary change and the clinical and financial results are described. EVALUATION PROCESS: An extensive financial and clinical evaluation was conducted. Sources included primary literature, reference texts, institution-specific financial data, and reports of other hospitals' experiences. INTERVENTIONS: Through cooperative efforts with key members of the medical staff, several interventions were adopted: maintain only one parenteral H2RA on the formulary; develop guidelines for H2RA use and stress ulcer prophylaxis; investigate a target drug-reminder system to promote oral H2RA use. RESULTS: Within a month after implementing the formulary change and educational process, prescribing of parenteral H2RAs changed from 80 percent ranitidine to 99 percent cimetidine. Monitoring of nonformulary ranitidine use revealed only three cases of possible or probable association of adverse central nervous system effects with cimetidine in an eight-month period. Elevations of theophylline, lidocaine, or phenytoin serum concentrations; or prothrombin time above the therapeutic range during warfarin therapy occurred in only 5 of 142 monitored patients who received concomitant therapy with an H2RA. No change in serum theophylline concentrations above the therapeutic range was noted to the hospital before and after the conversion. Savings have been estimated at $250,000 in the first year and $775,000 over four years, mostly from the conversion from intravenous ranitidine to intravenous cimetidine therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Successful intervention can be accomplished by cooperation between the pharmacy and the medical staff to achieve cost savings without sacrificing the quality of care.