Use of pacifiers and breastfeeding duration.

Pacifiers are widely used in many developing countries. Although their use is not recommended for breastfeeding infants, there have been no published reports on the association between pacifier use and risk of early weaning. In a study of 354 infants in Brazil, mothers were asked about pacifier use at age 1 month, duration of breastfeeding, and introduction of other foods. Among 249 children still breastfed at 1 month, the risk that a child would be weaned at any age between 1 and 24 months was higher in pacifier users than in non-users (hazard ratio 3.0, 95% CI 2.0-4.6). The association remained even after adjustment for the child's age, sex, birthweight, socioeconomic status, and age at introduction of bottle-feeding.