Ethics committees in state mental hospitals: a national survey.

OBJECTIVE: The goals of the study were to examine the composition, operation, and purpose of ethics committees in state mental hospitals, to determine whether committees were accessible to patients and family members, and to identify frequently addressed ethical issues.
METHODS: In June 1992 a 41-item survey questionnaire was mailed to chief executive officers of 204 state-operated general psychiatric inpatient facilities. Survey items asked about the facility's attributes, composition of the ethics committee, how the committee functioned, and the issues it addressed.
RESULTS: A total of 145 facilities from 46 states responded to the survey, for a response rate of 71 percent. Nearly half the facilities had ethics committees, most of which were recently established. Physicians accounted for the plurality of committee membership, followed by nurses and administrators. Although several facilities gave patients access to committee meetings, few patients or their family members actually attended these meetings. Issues such as patients' danger to others, resuscitation policies, and scarce resources were frequently addressed by many committees but were never addressed by others.
CONCLUSIONS: Although many state mental hospitals have established ethics committees in the past few years, these committees may not meet patients' needs because of inadequate representation by patient advocates and family members. Numerous concerns were heard by committees, but no obvious patterns of pressing issues were revealed.