Smoking typology profiles of chippers and regular smokers.

This study examined smoking patterns among chippers--light, nondependent cigarette smokers--by contrasting their smoking motives (Russell's Reasons for Smoking) and patterns (McKennell's Smoking Occasions) with those of a matched group of regular smokers. Differences between group profiles were initially confounded by differences in overall level of item endorsement, which obscured meaningful interpretation of group differences in smoking patterns. Group differences were clarified by correcting for profile elevation and scatter, as suggested by Cronbach and Gleser (1953). As expected, chippers' subscale profiles deemphasized pharmacological and addiction-related motives such as craving and habit, while emphasizing appetitive and sensory motives such as handling and pleasurable smoking. Social motives for smoking were also more prominent in chippers' smoking profiles.