Evaluation and therapy of chronic interstitial pneumonitis in children.

The interstitial pneumonias in children are a diverse group of rare conditions associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Newer diagnostic modalities such as high-resolution computed tomography and bronchoalveolar lavage have improved the ability to diagnose these conditions. Open lung biopsy remains the most useful diagnostic study, and thoracoscopic methods are being used in children more frequently with favorable results. Treatment with corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, and cytotoxic agents is empirical due to a lack of controlled therapeutic trials. Lung transplantation, even in infants, is being done more often and with greater success for end-stage lung disease.