Nonsurgical treatment of male infertility. An update.

As has been shown, when well-defined pathophysiology such as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism exists in subfertile men, reasonably successful treatment options are available. When subfertility is unexplained or idiopathic, treatment is less successful. At present, numerous conditions of varying pathophysiology are lumped together as "idiopathic subfertility" and treated with the same nonspecific therapeutic modalities with minimal success. As further research elucidates the biochemical abnormalities causing these conditions, rational and specific therapies may be developed. In addition, advances in assisted reproductive technologies will allow treatment for many patients for whom no therapy currently exists.