Mouse ferritin H subunit gene. Functional analysis of the promoter and identification of an upstream regulatory element active in erythroid cells.

Ferritin synthesis is regulated at the translational level by iron, but it is likely that transcriptional regulation of H and L genes is responsible for tissue-specific distribution of H and L mRNAs. In order to define the regions important for transcriptional regulation of the mouse ferritin H gene, we have linked the promoter, including the transcription start site, and 5 kilobases of upstream sequence to a reporter gene (human growth hormone). This construct and a series of 5' deletion mutants have been used to transfect erythroid (K562, mouse erythroleukemia (MEL)) and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines. Measurement of growth hormone in the culture medium and analysis of ferritin-growth hormone transcripts by a ribonuclease protection assay revealed that a 140-base pair minimal promoter is sufficient to confer a high level of expression to the reporter gene in both cell types. In addition, a 180-base pair fragment, lying 4.5 kilobases upstream of the ferritin transcription start site, functions like an inducible enhancer during N,N'-hexamethylene-bis-acetamide-induced differentiation of MEL cells. A perfect match to a consensus binding motif to the erythroid transcription factor NF-E2 is present in this regulatory element, but the mutant NF-E2 enhancer retains the inducible activity in stably transfected MEL cells, and the results from gel retardation assays suggest that protein-DNA complexes that form in vitro between the ferritin enhancer and MEL nuclear extracts do not contain NF-E2. Thus, nuclear factors that mediate inducibility of the ferritin enhancer remain to be identified.