Biliary strictures after liver transplantation.

Biliary strictures in the liver transplant population remain significant potential sources of patient morbidity in both early and late postoperative periods. Continuous monitoring of the patient through periodic laboratory testing, ultrasonography, and pre-emptive cholangiography permits early detection and safer management of the patient. A multimodality approach emphasizing both non-surgical and surgical treatment options contributes to continued excellent function of the graft and maximal quality of life for the patient.