Psychological risk factors for dissociation and self-mutilation in female patients with borderline personality disorder.

The purposes of this study were to determine whether or not dissociation in female patients suffering from personality disorder is related to sexual and physical abuse or to abuse parameters and whether or not self-mutilation in the personality disorders is related to psychological risk factors or to dissociation. The sample was divided into 78 borderline and 72 nonborderline personality disorders. Psychological risk factors were measured through histories of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse and separation or loss as well as scores on the Parental Bonding Index. Dissociation was measured by the Dissociative Experiences Scale. On the diagnostic interview, 48 subjects scored positive for self-mutilation. Dissociative Experiences Scale scores were associated with a borderline diagnosis but not with childhood sexual abuse or physical abuse. The parameters of abuse were not related to dissociation. Subjects who mutilated themselves had higher rates of both childhood sexual abuse and dissociation in univariate analyses. However, in multivariate analyses only diagnosis was significant. None of the other psychological risk factors were significantly linked to self-mutilation. The findings do not support theories that dissociation and self-mutilation in borderline personality disorder are associated with childhood trauma.