Research on patient compliance in developing countries.

Patient compliance with health care provider advice is a subject of particular importance in developing countries, one that has not been sufficiently studied. This article begins by explaining why this type of research is important and describing the various methodologies used to examine patient compliance in developed nations--notably self-reporting by the patient, collateral reporting by friends or relatives, pill or bottle counting, review of the patient's clinic attendance, review of clinical outcomes, and use of biochemical tracers. The applicability of each of these methods to scenarios commonly found in developing countries is then considered, and the results of the limited compliance research performed in developing countries are described. In general, it is suggested that self-reporting, collateral reporting, and pill or bottle counting can be employed effectively in many Third World situations. The article also notes the importance of standardizing research procedures, provides logistic advice about applying various compliance research methods in Third World conditions, and points up the need to validate the accuracy of the methods used.