Dosing of ACE inhibitors in postinfarct protection.

ACE inhibitors improve not only symptoms and signs of heart failure in patients with symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction but also lead to a slower progression of heart failure. In asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction, the progression to symptomatic heart failure is retarded by ACE inhibitors. As heart failure is preceded in about 80% by myocardial infarctions, trials were designed to influence the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction. It could be shown that therapy with ACE inhibitors ameliorates the progressive left ventricular dilatation and that this effect is translated into a significant increase of life expectancy. Mainly based on the CONSENSUS I study, large doses of ACE inhibitors were used in most subsequent trials. The mean daily doses of enalapril were 18.4 mg in the CONSENSUS I trial and 16.6 and 16.7 mg in both arms of the SOLVD trial. There is a trend towards lower doses of ACE inhibitors, as in the SAVE trial only 79% of the patients taking captopril received the target dose of 150 mg daily. Smaller studies used similar target doses, but a beneficial effect on left ventricular enlargement has been shown with a daily dose of only 75 mg captopril. Based on the hypothesis that the left ventricular enlargement is mainly determined by the activation of the local cardiac renin angiotensin system, even lower, and therefore better tolerated, doses of ACE inhibitors may prove effective. However, studies comparing the effect of different doses of ACE inhibitors on left ventricular remodeling are missing. Consequently, the above-mentioned target doses of ACE inhibitors should be aimed at when treating patients after myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)