Genetics in borderline conditions.

The published and some unpublished studies of the genetic of borderline conditions are reviewed. It appears that the DSM-III-R borderline personality disorder is not genetically transmitted. The evidence for the genetic transmission of schizotypal personality disorder also appears weak. An examination of the 2 personality disorders reveals multidimensionality and heterogeneity. The borderline personality disorder seems to consist of 2 syndromes, an impulsive borderline and an empty borderline syndrome. The schizotypal personality disorder consists of 3 syndromes, one affect-constricted/eccentric, one pseudo-psychotic and one paranoiac isolated syndrome. The impulsive borderline, the affect-constricted/eccentric and the pseudo-psychotic syndromes seem slightly genetically influenced. The affect-constricted/eccentric syndrome appears to be genetically related to schizophrenia. No other Axis I disorders are related to borderline conditions.